**STAR approach**: **Situation**: Job ran 2 hr, now 6 hr. **Task**: Find root cause. **Analysis**: (1) Data volume growth—compare input size. (2) Skew—Spark UI shows uneven partitions. (3) Resource contention—other jobs. (4) Source throttling—DB or API limits. (5) Partition pruning—missing partitions? **Actions**: Add partitions; salting for skew; increase resources; fix source limits. **Result**: Document in runbook; add monitoring....
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