Interview Pro Tip
Pro-Move: 'We use Beam for batch and streaming—same pipeline, different runners; Dataflow for prod, Flink for on-prem.' Red Flag: Not knowing Beam is runner-agnostic—indicates limited streaming experience.
**Apache Beam**: Unified batch and stream API. Write once; run on Flink, Spark, Dataflow. **Concepts**: PCollection, PTransform, Pipeline. **GCP Dataflow**: Native runner. **Why**: Portable ETL across runners. **Trade-off**: Abstraction has cost; runner-specific tuning limited....
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