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Describe how to secure sensitive data in cloud storage solutions.

Cloud/Toolseasy0.4 min readPremium
Frequency
Low
Asked at 1 company
Category
179
questions in Cloud/Tools
Difficulty Split
104E|27M|48H
in this category
Total Bank
1,863
across 7 categories
Asked at these companies
BCG
Key Concepts Tested
etl
Expert AnswerPremium
79 wordsInterview-ready
Architectural layers: (1) At rest—SSE-S3, SSE-KMS, or customer-managed keys; Azure Blob encryption. (2) In transit—TLS 1.2+; VPC endpoints to avoid public internet. (3) Access—IAM least privilege; bucket policies; Block Public Access; Lake Formation/Unity Catalog for column-level. (4) Masking—tokenize PII in ETL; views with column-level security. Why layered: Defense in depth; compliance (GDPR, HIPAA). Cost: KMS adds ~$1/10K keys; VPC endpoints reduce data transfer cost....
The complete answer continues with detailed implementation patterns, architectural trade-offs, and production-grade considerations. It covers performance optimization strategies, common pitfalls to avoid, and real-world examples from companies like BCG. The answer also includes follow-up discussion points that interviewers commonly explore.

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