**Section 1 — The Context (The 'Why')**
Mission-critical pipelines require observability that survives pipeline failures. The primary challenge is correlation across components, alerting on business metrics, and retaining history without unbounded cost....
The complete answer continues with detailed implementation patterns, architectural trade-offs, and production-grade considerations. It covers performance optimization strategies, common pitfalls to avoid, and real-world examples from companies like Swiggy. The answer also includes follow-up discussion points that interviewers commonly explore.
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