**Why It Matters for Data Engineering**: Immutability reduces bugs in distributed pipelines; def enables lazy/computed values.
**var**: Mutable, reassignable. Use sparingly—loops, accumulators. Risk: shared state in concurrent code.
**val**: Immutable binding; computed once at definition. Preferred for RDDs/DataFrames—avoids accidental reassignment.
**def**: Method; re-evaluated each call....
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