**Situation**: BigQuery costs spiked 40% MoM from ad-hoc queries. **Task**: Reduce cost without blocking users. **Action**: (1) Identified heavy users and expensive queries. (2) Implemented partitioned tables and clustering. (3) Created materialized views for common patterns. (4) Added query cost alerts. (5) Trained users on partition pruning. Also: optimized 2-hour nightly job to 15 min via incremental. **Result**: 35% cost reduction; faster queries....
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