**Scale Context**: TB to PB daily at MAANG-tier. **Strategies**: (1) Partitioning—by date/region for pruning; (2) Parallelism—2-4x cores for Spark; dynamic allocation; (3) Incremental—CDC, watermarks, only changed data; (4) Compression—Snappy/LZ4; (5) Tiered storage—hot SSD, cold S3.
**Cost**: Incremental processing saves compute; compression saves storage....
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