**Architectural Logic**: Flags enable observability, restartability, and audit. **Flags**: STARTED, RUNNING, SUCCESS, FAILED; custom: DATA_QUALITY_FAILED, PARTIAL_SUCCESS. **Segregation**: Extract, Transform, Load as distinct tasks; each has status. **Why**: Monitoring; resume from failed step; audit trail. **Example**: Log batch_id, step_name, status, rows_processed, timestamp. Orchestrators (Airflow) use task states. **Scalability**: Idempotent steps; flags enable partial rerun....
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