**Stack**: (1) Ingestion—Kafka, Airflow; (2) Storage—S3 lake, Snowflake/BigQuery; (3) Processing—Spark (PySpark); (4) Orchestration—Airflow/Dagster; (5) BI—Tableau/Looker. Medallion (bronze, silver, gold).
**Example Flow**: Kafka -> Spark streaming -> Delta/Parquet -> dbt -> Snowflake. Git, CI/CD, Terraform....
The complete answer continues with detailed implementation patterns, architectural trade-offs, and production-grade considerations. It covers performance optimization strategies, common pitfalls to avoid, and real-world examples from companies like Coforge. The answer also includes follow-up discussion points that interviewers commonly explore.
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