**Framework**: (1) Problem definition—goals, constraints, users; (2) Architecture—components, flow, tech with rationale; (3) Design—models, APIs, failure modes; (4) Implementation—phased, risks; (5) Validation—criteria, testing. Use diagrams (data flow, ER); ADRs for decisions....
The complete answer continues with detailed implementation patterns, architectural trade-offs, and production-grade considerations. It covers performance optimization strategies, common pitfalls to avoid, and real-world examples from companies like ZS Associates. The answer also includes follow-up discussion points that interviewers commonly explore.
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