**Approaches**: (1) Dual-write—write to old + new; switch reads when caught up; (2) CDC—replicate changes; bulk + CDC catch-up; (3) Parallel run—validate new in shadow; (4) Blue-green—cutover at low traffic. Tools: DMS, Striim, Debezium, rsync, distcp. Example: 100TB—bulk in background; CDC for delta; switch when lag minimal....
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