Join types: INNER—only matching rows; LEFT—all left + matching right (nulls for no match); RIGHT—all right + matching left; FULL OUTER—all from both; CROSS—cartesian product; SELF—table joined to itself. Use INNER for required relationships; LEFT when preserving all left rows (e.g., orders with optional customer); FULL for complete picture; CROSS sparingly (explosion). Anti-join: LEFT JOIN ... WHERE right.id IS NULL for exclusion. Semi-join: EXISTS or IN for filtering....
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