Even Kafka partition distribution: (1) Use meaningful keys—hash(key) % num_partitions; avoid hot keys (e.g., few keys dominate). (2) Use composite keys—e.g., customer_id + timestamp. (3) Add random component for high-cardinality keys. (4) Monitor partition lag and rebalance. (5) Increase partitions if needed (creates new partitions, doesn't rebalance existing data). (6) Use custom partitioner when default hash is skewed. (7) Consider key salting for hot partitions....
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