Python: merged = {**d1, **d2}; clean = {k: v for k, v in merged.items() if v is not None}. Or: def merge_no_nulls(*dicts): result = {}; [result.update({k: v for k, v in d.items() if v is not None}) for d in dicts]; return result. For nested: recursive merge. Production: use orjson for speed, validate schema. Example: d1={'a':1,'b':None}; d2={'b':2,'c':3}; {k:v for k,v in {**d1,**d2}.items() if v is not None} -> {'a':1,'b':2,'c':3}....
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