Replace with next greater: stack-based or monotonic stack. For each element, find next greater to right. Python: result = [-1]*n; stack = []; for i in range(n): while stack and arr[stack[-1]] < arr[i]: result[stack.pop()] = arr[i]; stack.append(i). For no greater: keep -1 or null. Edge: last element has no next; handle in loop. **Why it matters**: Design choices compound at scale—wrong approach can cause 100× overhead....
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