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Home/Questions/Spark/Big Data/What is the difference between cache() and persist() in Spark? When would you use each?

What is the difference between cache() and persist() in Spark? When would you use each?

Spark/Big Datamedium0.7 min read

Reviewed by Aditya Kumar · Last reviewed 2026-03-24

**cache()**: Equivalent to `persist(MEMORY_AND_DISK)`. Stores partitions in memory; spills to disk if memory is insufficient. **persist(storage_level)**: Explicit control over storage: MEMORY_ONLY, MEMORY_AND_DISK, MEMORY_ONLY_SER, MEMORY_AND_DISK_SER, DISK_ONLY....

🤖 Analyze Your Answer
Frequency
Low
Asked at 5 companies
Category
452
questions in Spark/Big Data
Difficulty Split
88E|81M|283H
in this category
Total Bank
1,863
across 7 categories
Asked at these companies
AccentureCoforgeFreechargeImpetusYash Technologies
Interview Pro Tip

Pro-Move: Tie storage level to cluster sizing and cost. Red Flag: Caching and never unpersisting—memory leak and wasted spend.

Key Concepts Tested
partitionspark

Why This Question Matters

This medium-level Spark/Big Data question appears frequently in data engineering interviews at companies like Accenture, Coforge, Freecharge, and 2 others. While less common, it tests deeper understanding that distinguishes strong candidates. Mastering the underlying concepts (partition, spark) will help you answer variations of this question confidently.

How to Approach This

Break this problem into components. Identify the core trade-offs involved, then walk the interviewer through your reasoning step by step. Demonstrate awareness of edge cases and production considerations - this is what separates good answers from great ones.

Expert Answer
147 words

cache(): Equivalent to persist(MEMORY_AND_DISK). Stores partitions in memory; spills to disk if memory is insufficient.

persist(storage_level): Explicit control over storage: MEMORY_ONLY, MEMORY_AND_DISK, MEMORY_ONLY_SER, MEMORY_AND_DISK_SER, DISK_ONLY.

Architectural Logic (Why It Matters): Caching trades memory/disk for recomputation cost. The right choice depends on reuse count, data size, serialization overhead, and cluster resources.

Scalability & Cost Trade-offs:

  • MEMORY_ONLY: Fastest access; no serialization. Risk of eviction under memory pressure—partial recompute. Use for smaller datasets with high reuse.

  • MEMORY_ONLY_SER: ~2–4x less memory; CPU cost for serialization. Better for large caches when memory is constrained.

  • MEMORY_AND_DISK: Fault-tolerant—spills to disk if evicted. Avoids full recompute. Default for cache().

  • DISK_ONLY: When memory is severely limited; slower but predictable.
  • Cost Implications: Caching a 500GB DataFrame in MEMORY_ONLY on 100 executors with 8GB each = eviction thrashing. Use MEMORY_AND_DISK or MEMORY_ONLY_SER. Always unpersist() when done to free resources and avoid unnecessary cluster cost.

    ⚡
    Pro Tip

    Pro-Move: Tie storage level to cluster sizing and cost. Red Flag: Caching and never unpersisting—memory leak and wasted spend.

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