**Strategies:** (1) Parallelism—multi-connection, partition work. (2) Compression—Gzip REST, Snappy Spark. (3) Batching—reduce round trips. (4) Protocol—gRPC > HTTP/1.1 for throughput. (5) Geo—compute near data (same region). (6) Backpressure—don't overwhelm consumers. **Scalability:** Latency percentiles; connection pooling. **Cost:** Caching for repeated reads....
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