**Star schema**: One central fact table; dimensions connected directly; denormalized dimensions. **Snowflake**: Normalized dimensions (dim → sub-dim). **Normalized (3NF)**: Many tables, minimal redundancy. **Star benefits**: Simpler queries, fewer JOINs, optimized for analytics, intuitive for BI. **Snowflake** adds flexibility, reduces redundancy—useful when dimension hierarchies are complex and storage matters. **Normalized**: Less redundancy; complex for analytics....
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