**Why incremental loading matters**: Full dumps of large tables waste bandwidth and time; incremental = only new/changed rows. **Sqoop incremental**: `--incremental append` for insert-only tables (e.g., logs); `--incremental lastmodified` for tables with update column. Use `--check-column` and `--last-value`; store last value in metastore or file for next run. **Scalability trade-offs**: Append = simple; lastmodified requires consistent timezone and indexed check column....
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