**Production-grade example** (with schema, error handling):
```python
from pyspark.sql import SparkSession
from pyspark.sql.functions import col
spark = SparkSession.builder.appName("json_to_parquet").getOrCreate()
# Provide schema to avoid inference cost on large reads
df = spark.read.schema("id INT, status STRING, amount DOUBLE") \
.json("s3://bucket/input/*.json")
filtered = df.filter((col("status") == "active") & (col("amount") > 0))
filtered.write.mode("overwrite") \
.parquet("...
The complete answer continues with detailed implementation patterns, architectural trade-offs, and production-grade considerations. It covers performance optimization strategies, common pitfalls to avoid, and real-world examples from companies like American Express. The answer also includes follow-up discussion points that interviewers commonly explore.
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