**Why it matters**: At scale, design choices directly impact reliability, latency, and cost. Wrong decisions compound across jobs and teams.
Read RDBMS with Spark: `df = spark.read.format('jdbc').option('url', 'jdbc:postgresql://host:5432/db').option('dbtable', 'table').option('user', 'u').option('password', 'p').load()`. For parallelism: `option('partitionColumn', 'id').option('lowerBound', 0).option('upperBound', 1000).option('numPartitions', 10)`....
The complete answer continues with detailed implementation patterns, architectural trade-offs, and production-grade considerations. It covers performance optimization strategies, common pitfalls to avoid, and real-world examples from companies like Infosys. The answer also includes follow-up discussion points that interviewers commonly explore.
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