**%pip**: Installs into current Python env (notebook or cluster). Uses PyPI. Changes apply to current session. Preferred for ad-hoc and most Python packages.
**%conda**: Manages conda envs; uses Conda repos. Useful for R, mixed R/Python, or packages with complex native deps. May require cluster restart for env changes.
**Why Not Use Either in Prod**: Notebook-installed packages are ephemeral; next cluster may not have them....
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