**Job**: Triggered by one action (count, write, collect); one job per action. **Stage**: Boundary at shuffle; narrow transformations (map, filter) pipeline into one stage; wide (join, groupBy, distinct) trigger stage boundaries. **Task**: One task per partition per stage; unit of work on an executor. Flow: Action → Job → DAG Scheduler (plans stages) → Task Scheduler (schedules tasks to executors)....
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