**Avro**: Row-based binary format; schema embedded; supports schema evolution. Common in Kafka, Hive.
**Delta and Avro**: Delta primarily uses Parquet. Avro is optional for compatibility—e.g., reading from Kafka (Avro), converting to Delta. `spark.read.format("avro")` for Avro files.
**Why Avro in Pipeline**: Kafka Schema Registry + Avro for evolution....
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