**Disadvantages**: (1) Smaller talent pool than Python. (2) Steeper learning curve. (3) Longer dev cycles for ad-hoc analysis. (4) PySpark dominates data science; ML integration easier in Python. (5) JVM startup for small scripts.
**When Scala Wins**: Performance-critical UDFs, core engine code. Scala UDF avoids Python serialization.
**Trade-offs**: Python for agility and collaboration; Scala for performance....
The complete answer continues with detailed implementation patterns, architectural trade-offs, and production-grade considerations. It covers performance optimization strategies, common pitfalls to avoid, and real-world examples from companies like Coforge. The answer also includes follow-up discussion points that interviewers commonly explore.
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