**YARN**: Hadoop's resource management layer. Replaced MapReduce 1's fixed slots. Allocates CPU and memory across cluster. Enables MapReduce, Spark, Hive, etc. on same infrastructure.
**Key Idea**: Decouples resource management from processing. ResourceManager + NodeManagers + ApplicationMaster per job.
**Why It Exists**: MapReduce 1 scaled poorly; one JobTracker....
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