#join

Design a star schema for retail analytics (e.g., Adidas). Explain the dimensional modeling choices, SCD strategy, and how you would scale this schema for global multi-currency, multi-region deployments. What are the refresh and storage cost implications?

Explain how partitioning and bucketing in Hive/Spark optimize queries. What are the trade-offs in bucket count, partition cardinality, and small-file problem? When does over-partitioning or over-bucketing become counterproductive?

Explain how you would implement partitioning and bucketing for data stored in S3 to improve query performance.

Explain how you would optimize Redshift query performance for a reporting system with large fact tables.

Explain indexing and its impact on database performance.

Explain normalization and its disadvantages.

Explain the Medallion Architecture (Bronze, Silver, Gold).

Explain the difference between a clustered and non-clustered index.