**Architectural Logic**: PostgreSQL is transactional RDBMS with strict constraint enforcement; Snowflake is a cloud warehouse with relaxed constraints—reflecting different design philosophies. **PostgreSQL**: PRIMARY KEY/UNIQUE constraints enforce uniqueness; INSERT of duplicates raises immediate error. Use ON CONFLICT (key) DO UPDATE for upsert. Row-level locking; ACID. **Snowflake**: No native PK enforcement; duplicates allowed by default....
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