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Design a real-time data pipeline for clickstream events. How to ensure fault tolerance? Where to implement deduplication logic? How to efficiently store 1 billion+ rows?

System Design/Architecturehard2.6 min readPremium
Frequency
Low
Asked at 1 company
Category
179
questions in System Design/Architecture
Difficulty Split
15E|6M|158H
in this category
Total Bank
1,863
across 7 categories
Asked at these companies
Google
Key Concepts Tested
joinoptimizationpartitionspark
Expert AnswerPremium
520 wordsIncludes code examplesInterview-ready
**Section 1 — The Context (The 'Why')** Real-time clickstream pipelines must handle millions of events per second with fault tolerance. The primary challenge is exactly-once semantics, out-of-order events, and recovering without data loss....
The complete answer continues with detailed implementation patterns, architectural trade-offs, and production-grade considerations. It covers performance optimization strategies, common pitfalls to avoid, and real-world examples from companies like Google. The answer also includes follow-up discussion points that interviewers commonly explore.

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