**Situation**: Business wanted real-time dashboards; infrastructure was batch-only. **Task**: Deliver value within constraints. **Action**: Proposed hybrid: (1) Batch for historical (nightly). (2) Near-real-time (15-min) for recent data via incremental streaming. Delivered MVP with batch first; phased streaming in Q2. Communicated trade-offs; aligned on phased approach. **Result**: Met 80% of requirements with existing stack; streaming added later....
The complete answer continues with detailed implementation patterns, architectural trade-offs, and production-grade considerations. It covers performance optimization strategies, common pitfalls to avoid, and real-world examples from companies like Adidas. The answer also includes follow-up discussion points that interviewers commonly explore.
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