**Why Robust Handling**: APIs fail—transient (5xx, timeout) vs. permanent (4xx). Retrying 400 wastes time; not retrying 503 causes false failures.
**Strategy**: Exponential backoff with jitter to avoid thundering herd; cap retries (3-5); circuit breaker after consecutive failures. Idempotency keys for POST/PUT.
**Cost**: Retries add latency and load; distinguish retriable vs. non-retriable. Log request IDs for correlation....
The complete answer continues with detailed implementation patterns, architectural trade-offs, and production-grade considerations. It covers performance optimization strategies, common pitfalls to avoid, and real-world examples from companies like Warner Bros Discovery. The answer also includes follow-up discussion points that interviewers commonly explore.
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