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Explain the difference between args and kwargs in Python.

Python/Codingeasy0.3 min read

*args: Variable positional args, received as tuple. **kwargs: Variable keyword args, received as dict. Why: Flexible signatures—wrappers, decorators, config-driven functions. Example: def run_pipeline(*sources, **config): ... allows run_pipeline('s3://a','s3://b',...

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Frequency
Low
Asked at 3 companies
Category
179
questions in Python/Coding
Difficulty Split
127E|24M|28H
in this category
Total Bank
1,863
across 7 categories
Asked at these companies
Delivery HeroFragma Data SystemsSwiggy
Interview Pro Tip

Red Flag: Only giving the tuple vs dict distinction. Pro-Move: 'We use **kwargs for connector config—each source has different options; one run(source, **connector_config) interface'—shows design application.

Key Concepts Tested
python

Why This Question Matters

This easy-level Python/Coding question appears frequently in data engineering interviews at companies like Delivery Hero, Fragma Data Systems, Swiggy. While less common, it tests deeper understanding that distinguishes strong candidates. Mastering the underlying concepts (python) will help you answer variations of this question confidently.

How to Approach This

Start by clearly defining the core concept being asked about. Interviewers want to see that you understand the fundamentals before diving into implementation details. Structure your answer with a definition, then explain the practical application with a concise example.

Expert Answer
61 words

args: Variable positional args, received as tuple. kwargs: Variable keyword args, received as dict. Why: Flexible signatures—wrappers, decorators, config-driven functions. Example: def run_pipeline(sources, config): ... allows run_pipeline('s3://a','s3://b', parallelism=4). Order: (regular, args, keyword-only, kwargs). Pitfall: Passing through—func(args, kwargs)—preserves interface. In data pipelines: kwargs for optional connector params (region, timeout, retries). Best practice: Document expected keys when using kwargs; validate in production code.

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