**Systematic approach**: (1) **Profile**: EXPLAIN ANALYZE—identify seq scans on large tables, costly hash joins, sort spills. (2) **Baseline**: Current runtime, row counts, data distribution. (3) **Index**: Add B-tree/hash on filter and join columns; verify usage in plan. (4) **Statistics**: Run ANALYZE; planner accuracy affects join order. (5) **Rewrite**: Replace correlated subqueries with JOINs or window functions; push predicates. (6) **Partition**: Prune by partition key....
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