**Schema flexibility**: Document (MongoDB), key-value (Redis), wide-column (Cassandra), graph (Neo4j). **Scaling**: Horizontal sharding; eventual consistency. **Why NoSQL**: High write throughput; flexible schema; access-pattern optimization. **Trade-offs**: No ACID across documents; limited joins; operational complexity. **When to use**: Session store (Redis); events (Cassandra); recommendations (Neo4j)....
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