**Situation**: 10% remaining = 90% work lost if restart from scratch.
**Approach**: (1) Chunking—process by offset/record count; checkpoint progress; resume from last successful chunk; (2) Idempotency—reprocess produces same result; (3) Retry with backoff—transient may succeed; (4) Partial commit—save completed; retry only failed portion; (5) Triage—transient vs persistent (bad data)....
The complete answer continues with detailed implementation patterns, architectural trade-offs, and production-grade considerations. It covers performance optimization strategies, common pitfalls to avoid, and real-world examples from companies like Gartner. The answer also includes follow-up discussion points that interviewers commonly explore.
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