Manually created Hive partition directories (e.g., /table/country=US/date=2024-01-01/) are not visible to Hive until metadata is added. Hive uses the metastore to find partitions; manually created dirs are unknown. Fix: run MSCK REPAIR TABLE table_name to scan the table directory and add partition metadata. Alternative: ALTER TABLE table_name ADD PARTITION (country='US', date='2024-01-01') LOCATION '/path/to/partition'....
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