IPv4: 32-bit (~4.3B addresses); exhausted. IPv6: 128-bit (3.4×10^38); no NAT, built-in IPsec, stateless auto-config. WHY IT MATTERS: IoT and global scale need IPv6; legacy systems and internal pipelines often IPv4-only. SCALABILITY: Dual-stack (AWS, GCP) allows gradual migration; IPv6 simplifies addressing for massive device counts. COST: No direct cost difference; IPv6 reduces NAT complexity and can lower operational overhead....
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