**Why Multiprocessing vs Threading:** GIL limits threading to single-core CPU for CPU-bound work. Multiprocessing spawns separate processes—true parallelism, each with own GIL. Use for: CPU-bound (numeric, parsing), NOT for I/O-bound (use asyncio/threading).
**Scalability Trade-offs:** (1) Process spawn overhead: ~50–100ms each—amortize over chunk size. (2) IPC: Queue/Pipe have serialization cost; shared memory (multiprocessing.Value) for large arrays....
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