**Why Regex in Data Eng:** Log parsing, field extraction, validation (email, phone), and data quality checks. Compile once, reuse many times.
**Functions:** re.match (anchored start), re.search (anywhere), re.findall (all matches), re.sub (replace). Groups capture subpatterns.
**Performance:** re.compile(r'pat') for reuse—avoids re-parsing. For 1M rows: df['col'].str.extract(pat) is vectorized....
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