Surrogate keys are system-generated unique IDs (e.g., auto-increment) for dimension rows. **Why they matter**: Natural keys change (customer ID rebrand, source system merge); surrogates are stable. (1) **SCD Type 2**: Same natural key, multiple rows (versions)—surrogate distinguishes them. (2) **Join performance**: Integer joins are faster than string/UUID. (3) **Integration**: Consistent IDs across sources with different natural key formats....
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