**Why it matters**: At scale, design choices directly impact reliability, latency, and cost. Wrong decisions compound across jobs and teams.
Real-time analytics with Kafka/Kinesis: (1) Ingest—Kafka Connect or Kinesis Agent for source ingestion; (2) Process—Spark Streaming, Flink, or ksqlDB for stream processing; (3) Store—write to Delta Lake, ClickHouse, or OLAP; (4) Serve—dashboards (Grafana), APIs....
The complete answer continues with detailed implementation patterns, architectural trade-offs, and production-grade considerations. It covers performance optimization strategies, common pitfalls to avoid, and real-world examples from companies like Adidas. The answer also includes follow-up discussion points that interviewers commonly explore.
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