**Why BashOperator:** Run shell commands from Airflow—trigger scripts, CLI tools. Pass dynamic params via Jinja: {{ ds }}, {{ execution_date }}, {{ params.x }}.
**Arguments:** bash_command='python /path/script.py --date {{ ds }} --env prod'. For XCom: bash_command=f'python script.py --input {ti.xcom_pull(task_ids="prev")}'.
**Production:** Use env vars for secrets, not command line (visible in logs). Quote paths. Prefer PythonOperator for complex logic—easier testing....
The complete answer continues with detailed implementation patterns, architectural trade-offs, and production-grade considerations. It covers performance optimization strategies, common pitfalls to avoid, and real-world examples from companies like Verizon. The answer also includes follow-up discussion points that interviewers commonly explore.
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